مدينة الزهراء الأثرية بالأندلس

 تبعد الزهراء عن قرطبة مسافة ٧ كيلومترات. بنيت الزهراء ما بين عامي ٩٣٦ و ٩٤٠ لتخفيف الزحام الذي كان في قرطبه ولكي ينتقل إليها قصر الخلافة. بناها الخليفة الناصر وسماها زهراء نسبة إلى إسم زوجته التي كان يعشقها. حكم منها ١٥ عاما ثم حكم منها ابنه الحكم الثاني ٤٠ عاما. لم تمكث ٨٠ سنه الا وقد تم نهبها وسلبها بسبب الثورات ومنها ثورة البربر. كانت مدينة معظم بناءها من الذهب والرخام. بها ٤٣٠٠ عامود وكان عدد الأحجار التي تدخل إليها يوميا أثناء مرحلة بناءها التي استغرقت ٤ سنوات ٦٠٠٠ حجر في اليوم الواحد. إختار الناصر أفضل البناءين والحرفيين من قرطبة لتنفيذ البناء حتى يكون البناء تحفة عمرانية غير تقليدية وكان عددهم ١٠٠٠٠ عامل. إكتشفها الأسبان ١٩٩٠ وقامت المغرب ببناء غرفة لتوزيع المياه بها كدولة مشاركة بالتنقيب. ما تم إكتشافه من هذه المدينة هو ١٠ بالمئة. مساحتها ١٢٠ هكتار

ملوك و أمراء الأندلس بالترتيب الزمني

                                                الأندلس العزيزة دليل و بصمة للإسلام عبر الزّمان و المكان 

قصص العجائب في القرآن

قصص العجائب في القرآن

سلمان الفارسي الباحث عن الحقيقة

محمّد خاتم الأنبياء صلّى اللّه عليه و سلّم

Mosque of Colors

The Earliest Surviving Dated Astrolabe (927 – 928) The earliest astrolabe. The astrolabe, an astronomical instrument used for observing planetary movements, was indispensable for navigation. A type of analog calculator, brass astrolabes were developed in the medieval Islamic world, and were also used to determine the location of the Kaaba in Mecca, in which direction all Muslims face during prayer

In the Muslim Empire there were Houses of Wisdom that scholars could go to to exchange ideas with other scholars and learn.They would translate Greek and Roman classics into Arabic, which helped to preserved these stories which could have been lost. In the House of Wisdom, there was a huge library which was open to public use. There were Islamic sacred texts along with books on law, history, and other topics. This library set an example for larger libraries later to come

The Islamic scientists corrected and expanded the Alexandrian astronomer Ptolemy's ideas on Astronomy. Tools like the astrolabe helped the astronomers expand their studies. Some Muslim scientists that knew that the Earth was round believed that the sun was the center of the universe and that the earth rotated on its own axis. That idea was discovered many years later in Western Europe centuries

Fatima Al-Fihriyya - A Muslim woman chiefly known as the founder of the world's first academic degree-granting institution of higher education, which is still in operation today as the University of Qarawiyyin in Fes, Morroco

Ibn Rushd (European: Averroes), was a Muslim master of Aristotelian philosophy, Islamic philosophy, Arabic music theory, medicine, mathematics, logic, physics and celestial mechanics. Averroes is named by Dante in The Divine Comedy with the great pagan philosophers whose spirits dwell in Limbo - "the place that favor owes to fame".

Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari (Persian: علی ابن سهل ربان طبری ‎) (c. 838 – c. 870 CE; also given as 810–855[1] and 783–858)[2] was a Persian Muslim hakim, Islamic scholar, physician and psychologist [1] of Zoroastrian[3][4] descent, who produced one of the first encyclopedia of medicine. He was a pioneer of pediatrics and the field of child development.

Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī al-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī (Latinized as Albategnius, Albategni or Albatenius) (c. 858, Harran – 929, Qasr al-Jiss, near Samarra) was a Muslim astronomer, astrologer, and mathematician. He introduced a number of trigonometric relations, and his Kitāb az-Zīj was frequently quoted by many medieval astronomers, including Copernicus.

Abu al-Qasim Khalaf bin Abbas Al-Zahrawi (1013 - 936 m), described by many as the Father of Modern Surgery. He wrote a thirty volume medical encyclopedia that was used as the standard reference book in all universities of Europe for over 500 years. Many modern surgical instruments are also built on the designs developed by him.

Abu Yusuf Yakub ibn Ishak al-Kindi, 9th century Arab philosopher

Abd-ar-Rahman III became Emir of Córdoba when only twenty-two years old. Later he proclaimed himself Caliph of Córdoba. During his rule the Ummayad emirate reached the peak of its power. He successfully established a centralized government in Spain and built a powerful army and navy, which helped a little when he sought to break ties with the Fatimids of Egypt and North Africa.

Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbas Al-Zahrawi (Albucasis) (936–1013) - Arab Muslim physician and surgeon who lived in Al-Andalus. Author of Kitab al-Tasrif, Liber Servitoris, On Surgery and Instruments

Les decendants   des valeureux  guerriers de l'expansion de l'islam se livrent un violent affrontement pour l'aquisition du pouvoir du futur empire qui se construit devant leur yoeux  déja les buttins amassés pendant cette période enflamme les convoitises et alimente les ambitions des différents seigneurs de guerres qui sont devant une proie à leur porté mais la multitude des prétendants fait prévoir une guerre fratricide et civile entre la société musulmane qui est en ses moments une société plutot martiale comme pour sparte et pour les samourais à leurs débuts l'affrontement militaire n'est qu'un outil de séléction bien naturelle et que le plus fort gagne  

c'est l'histoire de la discorde entre mouawia et ali inb abi taleb et c'est aussi l'histoire de l'islam à ses débuts a connus plusieurs moments difficiles mais ce sont les individus qui feront la différence dans ces conflits d'intetrets bien sur il y a le partage des richesses colossales des anciens empires déchus
que les musulmans se sont appropriés un cadeau du ciel pour un empire en construction mais ce cadeau n'a rien d'un gateaux il s'avère aussi difficile à conserver que les conquètes elles mèmes les camps vont se diviser après avoir été unis dans des batailles mémorables la bataille pour l'enrichissement a pris la  place de la bataille pour l'expansion tout les sujets s'en doutent qu'il va s'agir d'un empire colossal et ils veulent s'en approprier le pouvoir c'est la nature humaine qui prend le dessus aux préceptes de l'islam qui prone l'union et l'intétret de la société au dessus de l'intéret personnel mais la nature humaine veut toujours précipiter les choses mais il reste quand méme quelques individus pieux qui conservent la foie intacte et donnent des leçons de chevalerie voyons ce que ça donnera