Mosque of Colors

The Earliest Surviving Dated Astrolabe (927 – 928) The earliest astrolabe. The astrolabe, an astronomical instrument used for observing planetary movements, was indispensable for navigation. A type of analog calculator, brass astrolabes were developed in the medieval Islamic world, and were also used to determine the location of the Kaaba in Mecca, in which direction all Muslims face during prayer

In the Muslim Empire there were Houses of Wisdom that scholars could go to to exchange ideas with other scholars and learn.They would translate Greek and Roman classics into Arabic, which helped to preserved these stories which could have been lost. In the House of Wisdom, there was a huge library which was open to public use. There were Islamic sacred texts along with books on law, history, and other topics. This library set an example for larger libraries later to come

The Islamic scientists corrected and expanded the Alexandrian astronomer Ptolemy's ideas on Astronomy. Tools like the astrolabe helped the astronomers expand their studies. Some Muslim scientists that knew that the Earth was round believed that the sun was the center of the universe and that the earth rotated on its own axis. That idea was discovered many years later in Western Europe centuries

Fatima Al-Fihriyya - A Muslim woman chiefly known as the founder of the world's first academic degree-granting institution of higher education, which is still in operation today as the University of Qarawiyyin in Fes, Morroco

Ibn Rushd (European: Averroes), was a Muslim master of Aristotelian philosophy, Islamic philosophy, Arabic music theory, medicine, mathematics, logic, physics and celestial mechanics. Averroes is named by Dante in The Divine Comedy with the great pagan philosophers whose spirits dwell in Limbo - "the place that favor owes to fame".

Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari (Persian: علی ابن سهل ربان طبری ‎) (c. 838 – c. 870 CE; also given as 810–855[1] and 783–858)[2] was a Persian Muslim hakim, Islamic scholar, physician and psychologist [1] of Zoroastrian[3][4] descent, who produced one of the first encyclopedia of medicine. He was a pioneer of pediatrics and the field of child development.

Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī al-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī (Latinized as Albategnius, Albategni or Albatenius) (c. 858, Harran – 929, Qasr al-Jiss, near Samarra) was a Muslim astronomer, astrologer, and mathematician. He introduced a number of trigonometric relations, and his Kitāb az-Zīj was frequently quoted by many medieval astronomers, including Copernicus.

Abu al-Qasim Khalaf bin Abbas Al-Zahrawi (1013 - 936 m), described by many as the Father of Modern Surgery. He wrote a thirty volume medical encyclopedia that was used as the standard reference book in all universities of Europe for over 500 years. Many modern surgical instruments are also built on the designs developed by him.

Abu Yusuf Yakub ibn Ishak al-Kindi, 9th century Arab philosopher

Abd-ar-Rahman III became Emir of Córdoba when only twenty-two years old. Later he proclaimed himself Caliph of Córdoba. During his rule the Ummayad emirate reached the peak of its power. He successfully established a centralized government in Spain and built a powerful army and navy, which helped a little when he sought to break ties with the Fatimids of Egypt and North Africa.

Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbas Al-Zahrawi (Albucasis) (936–1013) - Arab Muslim physician and surgeon who lived in Al-Andalus. Author of Kitab al-Tasrif, Liber Servitoris, On Surgery and Instruments